Constitutional Provisions, Laws and Regulations
Constitutional Provisions, Laws and Regulations relevant to the Right to Information
On this page are weblinks to constitutional provisions, laws and regulations which are relevant to the right to information. They are listed alphabetically by country.
For lists of countries and territories with ATI/FOI/RTI laws, and those that are considered likely to pass bills soon, compiled by Dutch FOI expert Roger Vleugels, click here.
Inclusion in the list on this page does not reflect any assessment that the cited provisions in law or fact guarantee or implement a right to information. Rather, this list is intended to be a reference tool and so aims to include all provisions that might be relevant to understanding the legal regime concerning access to information.
Conversely, the fact that a country does not appear on this list does not mean that it has no access to information laws, only that we do not have links to or copies of them.
We have included official websites where we have them, but many links are to unofficial websites which we are well aware often include outdated texts, bad translations and simply incorrect information (e.g., re: date of adoption).
We aim to include only links to official sources; failing that, we aim to include after every link an indication as to whether or not it is an official source. In the text below, the reader may assume that versions posted on government websites (of parliament, Constitutional Court, or other body) are official versions, and that versions posted on legislationline.org and other non-governmental sites are not official.
Ultimately, we aim to post the following information for every country that has a constitutional, statutory or significant regulatory provision addressing access to public information.
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Constitution: date of adoption and entry into force (if different), numbers (or other designations) of articles that refer to access to information (including a right to, or freedom of, environmental, personal, or other information), links to both the original and the English versions (official sources).
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ATI Law: the name of the law with dates of adoption and entry into force, in original language and English translation, with links to both, preferably to a consolidated version incorporating all amendments currently in force, and where not available, indication of lack of availability of a consolidated version. Most consolidated versions make reference to amendments, but if not, we will reference and link to these separately, especially where the amendment may be of interest to advocates in other countries.[1]
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State secrets laws.
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Data protection laws.
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Archives laws.
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Environmental ATI laws.
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Most relevant sectoral ATI laws (consumer-related issues, police records, commercial interests, etc).
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Administrative procedure codes or rules, relevant provisions (e.g., concerning the filing of appeals or petitions).
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Laws and regulations governing access to legislative information.
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Laws and regulations governing access to judicial information.
We have included links to the laws of some territories and provinces under the heading of the national state to which the territory or province belongs. We will consider adding more such links over time.
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We welcome better weblinks, corrected and updated information, and references to or hard copy versions of additional laws.
Please send us whatever corrections and additions you have.
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Albania
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Constitution 1998, Article 23, (official source)
- Law on State Secrets (excerpts)
Angola
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Law No. 11/02 on Access to Administrative Documents 2002, (in Portuguese)
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Law on State Secrets
Antigua & Barbuda
Argentina
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Constitution 1994, (in English). The Argentine constitution does not include an explicit right to access public information but Article 75, clause 22 gives international treaties ratified by Argentina, precedence over national laws.
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Law Establishing Access to Environmental Information, (in Spanish)
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Local FOI Laws (Rio Negro, Chubut, Buenos Aires)
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Buenos Aires City Law 1998, (in Spanish)
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National Decree 1172/03, 2003, (in Spanish)
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Law of Public Ethic 1999, (in Spanish)
Armenia
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Constitution 2005, Article 27, (Constitutional Court website, official)
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Law on Assets Declarations
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Law on Private Data
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Civil Code, Article 141 (regarding trade secrets)
Australia
Austria
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Federal Constitutional Laws, Article 20(3) and (4), (Constitutional Court website, official source)
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Duty to Grant Information Act, 1988, 2006 (Federal Fundamental Act of 15th May 1987 on the Duty to Grant Information on the Part of the Administration of the Federation and on a Modification of the Federal Ministries Act 1986), (official source, in English)
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Federal Fundamental Act on the Duty to Grant Information on the part of the administration of the Laender and the municipalities, 1987, entered into force 1988, (official source, in German), (official source, in English)
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Federal Act concerning Protection of Personal Data, 1999(in English and German)
Azerbaijan
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Constitution 1995, Article 50(1), (official source, in English)
Bangladesh
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Right to Information Act 2009
Belgium
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Constitution 1831, Article 32, (official source)
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Law Regarding Public Access to Environmental Information
Belize
Bolivia
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Brazil
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Constitution 1988, Article 5, paragraph XIV
Bulgaria
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Constitution 1991, as amended through 2007, Article 41, (web site of the Bulgarian National Assembly, official source)
- Administrative Procedure Law
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Law for the Supreme Administrative Court
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Protection of Fair Competition Act (gives definition of trade secret)
Canada
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Access to Information Act, 1983, with amendments through July 2008 (Information Commissioner site, official, consolidated text, in English & French)
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Access to Information Regulations, (official source)
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Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA)
Alberta
British Columbia
Manitoba
New Brunswick
Newfoundland & Labrador
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Regional Health Authorities Act
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Personal Health Information Act 2008 (not yet proclaimed)
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Regional Health Authorities Regulations
Northwest Territories
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Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act 1994 (in English and French)
Nova Scotia
Nunavut (Territory)
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Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act
Ontario
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Personal Health Information Protection Act 2004 (in English, in French). Schedule A, gives individuals the right to access records of their personal heath information
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Election Act 1990, (in English, in French)
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Municipal Elections Act 1996 (in English, in French). Makes information about political contributors accessible
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Courts of Justice Act 1990 (in English, in French). C.43 makes court documents publicly available unless specifically ordered to the contrary
Prince Edward Island
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Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act 2002, http://www.gov.pe.ca/law/statutes/pdf/f-15_01.pdf
Quebec
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Act Respecting Access to Documents held by Public Bodies and the Protection of Personal Information, http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=2&file=/A_2_1/A2_1_A.html (English); http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=2&file=/A_2_1/A2_1.html (French)
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Act Respecting the Protection of Personal Information in the Private Sector, http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=2&file=/P_39_1/P39_1_A.html (English); http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=2&file=/P_39_1/P39_1.html (French)
Saskatchewan
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Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act 1990, http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/F22-01.pdf
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Local Authority Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act 1990, http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/L27-1.pdf
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Health Information Protection Act 1999, http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/english/Statutes/Statutes/H0-021.pdf
Yukon (Territory)
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Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act, http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/acts/atipp.pdf (English and French)
Chile
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Constitution 1980, Article 19(12) and 2005 Amendment Article 8, http://www.senado.cl/prontus_senado/antialone.html?page=http://www.senado.cl/prontus_senado/site/artic/20050516/pags/20050516221649.html (in Spanish); http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/Chile.pdf (English)
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Law on Transparency and Access to Information 2008, http://www.bcn.cl/leyes/pdf/original/276363.pdf (in Spanish)
China
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Provisions of the People’s Republic of China on the Disclosure of Government Information 2007, adopted by the State Council January 17, 2007, effective May 1, 2008, http://chinesefoi.org/regulation.aspx (unofficial translation)
Hong Kong
Colombia
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Constitution1991, Articles 20, 23 and 74, http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/leyes/CONS_P91.HTM (in Spanish); http://www.banrep.gov.co/regimen/resoluciones/cp91.pdf (in Spanish)
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Law Ordering the Publicity of Official Acts and Documents 1985, 1998 (in Spanish), www.privacyinternational.org/countries/colombia/ley57-foi.doc
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General Law of Public Archives
Commonwealth
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Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative, constitutional provisions and laws of 53 countries, http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/international/laws_&_papers.htm
Cook Islands
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Official Information Act, adopted February 2008 based largely on the NZ Official Information Act,
http://www.cook-islands.gov.ck/view_release.php?release_id=1180
Costa Rica
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Constitution 1949, Article 30, http://www.costaricalaw.com/legalnet/constitutional_law/constitenglish.html
Croatia
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Act on the Right of Access to Information 2003, http://www.legislationline.org/topics/country/37/topic/3
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Act on the Protection of Personal Data, www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=219&lid=6451&less=false
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Administrative Law
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Archives and Archival Institutions Act, http://www.legislationline.org/topics/country/37/topic/3
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Data Secrecy Law
Czech Republic
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Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms 1993, Article 17, http://www.psp.cz/cgi-bin/eng/docs/laws/1993/2.html
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Law on Free Access to Information 1993, http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/7240
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Act on Protection of Secret Information
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Act on the Right to Environmental Information
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Law No. 123 on Access to Information on the Environment, http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/8518
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Personal Data Protection Act, http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/6854
Democratic Republic of Congo
- Constitution 2006 (in French) http://www.presidentrdc.cd/constitution.html
Denmark
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Access to Public Administration Files Act 1985, http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/6833
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Act on Processing Personal Data, www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=219&lid=8442&less=false
- Act on the Re-use of Public Information Act, www.legislationonline.org/legislation.php?tid=219&lid=7077&less=false
Dominican Republic
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Law on Access to Information 2004 (in Spanish), www.centrojuanmontalvo.org.do/documentos/acceso.pdf
Ecuador
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Constitution 1998, Article 81 http://www.tribunalconstitucional.gov.ec/constitucion.pdf (in Spanish, Constitutional Court website, official)
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Organic Law on Transparency and Access to Information 2004 (in Spanish), www.freedominfo.org/documents/ecuador-spanish.pdf
Estonia
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Constitution 1992, Article 44, http://www.president.ee/en/estonia/constitution.php (official source); and http://www.just.ee/43731
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Environmental Register Act, http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/6836
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Personal Data Protection Act, http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/6482
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Anti-Corruption Act, http://www.riigiteataja.ee/ert/act.jsp?id=13123909 (in Estonian); (older version in English)
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Surveillance Act, http://www.legaltext.ee/text/en/X30011K7.htm
Ethiopia
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Constitution 1994, Article 29, http://www.ethiopar.net/
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Law on Mass Media and Freedom 2008
Fiji
Finland
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Constitution 1999, Section 12, http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1999/en19990731.pdf
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Act on Openness of Government Activities 1951, 1999, http://www.legislationline.org/topics/country/32/topic/3; and http://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/1999/en19990621.pdf
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Archives Act, http://www.legislationline.org/topics/country/32/topic/3
France
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Laws 78-753 of 17 July 1978 on various measures for improved relations between the Civil Service and the public and on various arrangements of an administrative, social and fiscal nature (Official Journal of 18 July 1978, page 2,851) as amended by Law No. 2000-321 of 12 April 2000 (consolidated text) (excerpts in English) http://www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=219&lid=6454&less=false (in French); www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=219&lid=6439&less=false
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Acts 78-17 of 6 January 1978 on Data Processing, Data Files and Individual Libraries (Amended by the Act of 5 August 2004 relating to the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data), http://www.legislationline.org/topics/country/30/topic/3
Georgia
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Constitution 1995, as amended through 2006, Article 41, http://www.parliament.ge/files/68_1944_951190_CONSTIT_27_12.06.pdf (official source); and http://www.constcourt.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=19
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Law on Freedom of Information 1998, http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/6392
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General Administrative Code, www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=219&lid=7085&less=false
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Law on State Secrets, http://www.legislationline.org/topics/country/29/topic/3
Germany
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Federal Act Governing Access to Information held by the Federal Government (Freedom of Information Act) of 5 September 2005, http://www.bfdi.bund.de/cln_027/nn_672714/IFG/Gesetze/IFG/TextIFG__EN,templateId=raw,property=publicationFile.pdf/TextIFG_EN.pdf (English, official source); and http://www.legislationline.org/topics/country/28/topic/3, http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/ifg/ (German)
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Administrative Procedures Law
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Environmental Information Act, http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/6753
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Federal Data Protection Act, http://www.bfdi.bund.de/cln_111/EN/DataProtectionActs/DataProtectionActs_node.html
Berlin
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Law for the Promotion of Freedom of Inoformation in the State of Berlin 1999 (German), http://www.kulturbuch-verlag.de/online/brv/D0002/F00057.pdf
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Law on the Protection of Personal Data (German), http://www.datenschutz-berlin.de/attachments/346/BlnDSG2008.pdf?1200651252
Brandenburg
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Inspection of Records and Access to Information Act 2003, http://www.lda.brandenburg.de/sixcms/media.php/2232/aig2007.pdf (German); http://www.lda.brandenburg.de/sixcms/media.php/2232/aig_e.pdf%20 (English)
Bremen
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Law on Access to Information in the State of Bremen 2006, http://www.informationsfreiheit-bremen.de/informationsfreiheit.php (German)
Hamburg
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Access to Information Law 2006, http://www.bfdi.bund.de/cln_029/nn_672870/SharedDocs/IFG/IFGLandesgesetze/HamburgischesIFG.html
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
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Law Regulating Access to Information for the State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 2006, http://www.informationsfreiheit-mv.de/inffrei/ges_ver/ifg/ifgmv/ifgmv.html (German)
Nordrhein-Westfalen
- Law on Freedom of Access to Information for the State of Northrhine-Westphalia 2001, http://sgv.im.nrw.de/lmi/owa/lr_bs_bes_text?gld_nr=2&ugl_nr=2010&ugl_id=661&bes_id=5012&aufgehoben=N&print_version=0 (German)
Saarland
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Saarland Information Act 2006, http://www.lfdi.saarland.de/html/ifg-internet/informationsrecht/SIFG.pdf (German)
Sachsen-Anhalt
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Information Act of Sachsen-Anhalt 2008, http://www.bfdi.bund.de/cln_027/nn_672870/SharedDocs/IFG/IFGLandesgesetze/SachsenAnhalt,templateId=raw,property=publicationFile.pdf/SachsenAnhalt.pdf (German)
Schleswig-Holstein
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Freedom of Information Act for the State of Schleswig-Holstein 2000, https://www.datenschutzzentrum.de/material/recht/ifg.htm (German); https://www.datenschutzzentrum.de/material/recht/ifg_eng.htm (English)
Thüringer
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Information Act of Thüringer 2007, http://www.bfdi.bund.de/cln_027/nn_672870/SharedDocs/IFG/IFGLandesgesetze/ThueringerIFG,templateId=raw,property=publicationFile.pdf/ThueringerIFG.pdf (German)
Ghana
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Constitution 1992, Article 21, http://www.parliament.gh/constitution_republic_ghana.html (official source)
Greece
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Constitution 2001, Article 5A, http://www.parliament.gr/english/politeuma/syntagma.pdf (official source)
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Administrative Procedure Code, http://www.legislationline.org/documents/id/6754
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Law on the Protection of Individuals with regard to the Processing of Personal Data, www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=219&lid=6151&less=false
Guatemala
Honduras
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Constitution of 1982, with reforms through 2006, http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Honduras/hond05.html
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Transparency and Access to Public Information Law (Ley de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información Pública) 2006, http://www.unah.hn/uploaded/content/category/1434383409.pdf (Spanish)
Hungary
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Constitution 1949, Article 61, http://www.mkab.hu/content/en/encont5.htm (Constitutional Court website)
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Act LXIII on the Protection of Personal Data and Publicity of Data of Public Interest 1992, http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/6393
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Act XC of 2005 on the Freedom of Information by Electronic Means, http://www.legislationline.org/topics/country/25/topic/3
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Act LXVI on Public Records, Public Archives, and the Protection of Private Archives, http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/6756
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Act XXIV of 2003 ‘Glass Pocket Act’ (a transparency amendment package)
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Act CXXIX of 2003 on Public Procurement
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Act LX of 2003 on insurance companies and activities (insurance secret exemption)
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Act CXX of 2001 on capital market (business and securities secret exemption)
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Act LXXXI of 2001 on the Aarhus Convention
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Act LXXXV of 1998 on National Security Superintendence (body and rules of handling NATO, EU and WEU data)
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Act CXII of 1996 on credit institutions and financial enterprises (bank secret exemption)
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Act CXXV of 1995 on National Security Agencies (national security exemption)
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Act LXV of 1995 on State and Service Secrets (state secret exemption)
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Act LIII of 1995 on general rules of environmental protection
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Act XXXIV of 1994 on Police (public security exemption)
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Act XXXVIII of 1992 on Public Finance Art. 15/A and 15/B (proactive FOI - public funds)
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Act LXV of 1990 on local governments
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Act IV of 1959 Civil Code Art. 81 (business secret exemption)
Iceland
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National Archives Act, www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=219&lid=7096
India
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Right to Information Act 2005, www.righttoinformation.gov.in (official source)
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Official Secrets Act 1923, www.orissasoochanacommission.nic.in/official_secrets.htm
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Public Records Act, www.nationalarchives.gov.in/public_record93.html (official source)
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The Criminal Procedure Code 1973
Indonesia
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Act No. 14/ 2008, Public Information Disclosure Act, adopted April 30, 2008
Ireland
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Freedom of Information Act 1997 http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1997/en/act/pub/0013/index.html (official source) and http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/7248
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Freedom of Information (Amendment) Act 2003, http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/2003/en/act/pub/0009/index.html (official source)
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Regulations made under the FOI Acts, http://www.foi.gov.ie/regulations (official source)
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European Communities (Access to Information on the Environment) Regulations 2007, http://www.environ.ie/en/AboutUs/AccesstoInformationontheEnvironment/RHLegislation/FileDownLoad,2479,en.pdf
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European Communities (Re-Use of Public Sector Information) Regulations 2005, http://www.finance.gov.ie/documents/legi/si279-2005.pdf
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Data Protection Act 1998 http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1988/en/act/pub/0025/index.html (official source); and http://www.legislationline.org/topics/country/23/topic/3
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Data Protection (Amendment) Act 2003, http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/2003/en/act/pub/0006/index.html (official source)
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National Archives Act, http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1986/en/act/pub/0011/index.html (official source)
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Official Secrets Act, http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1963/en/act/pub/0001/index.html (official source); and http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/4778
Israel
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Freedom of Information Law 1998 (5758), adopted May 17, 1998, entered into force May 29, 1999, with amendments: 2002 on Exclusion of certain security units from scope of the law; 2005 on Proactive disclosure of environmental information held by public authorites; 2007 on Inclusion of Government-owned corporations in the scope of the law, http://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/heb/freedom_info.htm (official source, Hebrew); English version (unofficial source, original act without amendments, no English version on the internet)
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Freedom of Information Regulations 1999, http://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/heb/freedom_info_ruling1.htm (Hebrew, official source); English version (unofficial source, without amendments, but there have been only technical amendments)
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Freedom of Information Regulations (Fees) 1999, http://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/heb/freedom_info_ruling2.htm (Hebrew, official source); English version
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Administrative Orders
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Criminal Registration Law
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Obligatory Tenders Regulations
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Patient’s Rights Law
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Protection of Privacy Law
Italy
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Legge n. 241/90 in materia de procedimento administrativo e di diritto di acceso ai documenti administrativi – Law No. 241/90 on administrative procedure and the right of access to administrative documents – Arts. 22 to 28, http://www.giustizia.it/cassazione/leggi/l241_90.html (consolidated text, official source)
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Decreto del Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri 10 marzo 1999, n. 294. Regolamento recante norme per la disciplina delle categorie di documenti in possesso degli organismi di informazione e di sicurezza sottratti al diritto di acceso ai documenti administrativi, in attuazione dell`articolo 24, c.4 della legge 7 agosto 1990, n. 241
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Decreto legislativo 30 giugno 2003, n. 196 Codice in Materia di Protezione dei Dati, Personali, http://www.garanteprivacy.it/garante/doc.jsp?ID=1311248 (consolidated text, official Source); Personal Data Protection Code, Legislative Decree No. 196 of 30 June 2003, http://www.garanteprivacy.it/garante/document?ID=1219452 (English version, official source)
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Law No. 15 of 11 February 2005
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Legge n. 124 3 Agosto 2007 Sistema di informazione per la sicurezza della Repubblica
e nuova disciplina del segreto –Law No. 124 of 3 August 2007 (reformed the secret services and the regime of state secrets in order to counter terrorism), http://www.parlamento.it/leggi/07124l.htm (Italian version, official source, non- consolidated text), http://www.altalex.com/index.php?idnot=37910 (English version, non-official source)
Jamaica
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Access to Information Act No. 21 of 2002, http://www.ati.gov.jm/atiact.pdf
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Archives Act, www.moj.gov.jm/laws/statutes/The%20Archives%20Act.pdf
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Official Secrets Act,
Japan
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Law Concerning Access to Information Held by Administrative Organs 1999, www.soumu.go.jp/gyoukan/kanri/low0404_2.htm
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Act on the Protection of Personal Information, http://www5.cao.go.jp/seikatsu/kojin/foreign/act.pdf
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kosovo
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Law on Access to Official Documents 2003, http://www.unmikonline.org/regulations/2003/RE2003_32%20.pdf (English, UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo site); see also attached slightly different version.
Kyrgyzstan
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The Law on Access to Information Held by State Bodies and Local Self-Government Bodies 2007, http://www.article19.org/pdfs/analysis/kyrgyzstan-foi-06.pdf (Article 19's analysis of the law with the draft version of the law attached. The adopted law is identical to the draft)
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Law on Mass Media, un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/apcity/unpan005100.pdf
Latvia
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Freedom of Information Law 1998, http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/4768
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Administrative procedure law (procedural rights of parties)
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Criminal procedure law (procedural rights of parties)
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Law on Archives, http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/5335
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Law on Official Secrets, http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/4769
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Law on Environmental Protection (all rights in the Aarhus Convention)
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Commercial law (definition of commercial secrets – different to that in FOIA)
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Law on Judicial Power establishes special procedures pertaining to access to judicial decisions
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Law “On public procurement” – regarding information on the announcements of public procurement as well as information on finished procurement actions, as well as the complaint procedure
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Personal Data Protection Law, http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/5334
Liechtenstein
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Data Protection Act 1999, http://www.legislationline.org/topics/country/18/topic/3
Lithuania
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Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, adopted by citizens in the Referendum of 25 October 1992, http://www.lrkt.lt/Documents2_e.html (website of the Constitutional Court, official source, in Lithuanian and English).
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Law on Provision of Information to the Public, 1996, 2000, http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/7247
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Law on Archives, http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/5343
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Law on Legal Protection of Personal Data, www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=219&lid=7105
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Law on State Secrets and Official Secrets, http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/5379
Macedonia
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Constitution 1991, amended 1992, Article 16 (2) and (3), http://www.sobranie.mk/en/default.asp?vidi=ustav (English, Assembly’s official website);
http://www.sobranie.mk/mk/default.asp?vidi=ustav (Macedonian, official website) -
Law on Free Access to Information of Public Character 2006, www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?lid=6268&tid=219
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Law on Civil Servants
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Law on Classified Information, www.legislationline.org/upload/legislations/96/62/2a1d9a6574cd613d6ea5adf42ce0.pdf
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Law on General Administrative Procedure
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Law on Personal Data Protection, www.legislationline.org/upload/legislations/f8/79/22fb16d752a9b7737b6fc8252ba5.pdf
Madagascar
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Constitution 1992 http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ma00000_.html
Malawi
Mali
- Law on the Relation Between the Administration and the Users, 1998 (in French)
- Decree N°03-580 of the Law on the Relation Between the Administration and the Users, 2003 (in French)
Mexico
-
Constitution 1917, Article 6, http://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/1.pdf (in Spanish)http://www.gob.mx/wb/egobierno/egob_1917_Mexican_Constitution (in English)
-
Federal Transparency and Access to Public Government Information Law 2002, www.ifai.org.mx/publicaciones/taia.pdf
Moldova
-
Constitution 1994, Article 34, http://xiv.parlament.md/en/legalfoundation/constitution/
-
Law on Access to Information 2000, www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=219&lid=6443&less=false
-
Law on State Secrets www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=219&lid=7106
-
Law on Commercial Secrets
-
Law on Protection of Private Data 2007 http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=324657&lang=1 (in Romanian); http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=324657&lang=2 (in Russian)
Montenegro
-
Constitution, adopted October 2007, Art. 51, http://www.legislationline.org/upload/legislations/01/9c/b4b8702679c8b42794267c691488.htm
-
Law on Free Access to Information 2005, www.slobodanpristup.com/spi/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=55
-
Law on General Administrative Procedure
-
Law on Administrative Dispute
-
No law on personal data protection and state secrets
Mozambique
-
Constitution 1990, Article 74, http://www.govnet.gov.mz/Legisla/constituicao_republica/constituicao.pdf (in Portuguese); http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/constitutions/docs/MozambiqueC(rev).doc (in English, unofficial website)
Nepal
-
Constitution 2007, Article 27, http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nepal_Interim_Constitution2007.pdf (unofficial website);
-
Bill on Right to Information, www.article19.org/pdfs/laws/Nepal.FOI.Sep06.doc
Netherlands
-
Constitution 2002, Article 110 http://www.minbzk.nl/contents/pages/6156/grondwet_UK_6-02.pdf
-
Act on Public Access to Government Information 1978, www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=219&lid=6444&less=false
*Note: The version on this website contains many errors.[3]
New Zealand
-
Bill of Rights 1990, Article 14, http://legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1990/0109/latest/whole.html
-
Criminal Proceedings and High Court Rules
-
Local Government Official Information and Meetings Act 1987, http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1987/0174/latest/DLM122242.html?search=ts_act_Local+Government+Official+Information+and+Meetings+Act&sr=1
-
Local Government Act, www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2002/0084/latest/DLM170873.html
-
Public Records Act, www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2005/0040/latest/DLM345529.html
-
Resource Management Act, www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1991/0069/latest/DLM230265.html
Nigeria
- Public Procurement Act 2007
- Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (NEITI) Act 2007
- National Inland Waterways Authority Act 1996
- National Archives Decree 1992
- Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007
- For laws that restrict ATI, see here
Nicaragua
-
Constitution 1987, Article 26 and 66, http://www.asamblea.gob.ni/opciones/constituciones/Constitucion%20Politica%20y%20sus%20reformas.pdf (in Spanish); http://www.leftjustified.com/leftjust/lib/sc/ht/wtp/nicaragu.html (selected provisions in English, unofficial website)
-
Ley No. 621 de Acceso a la Información Pública, La Gaceta (Diario Oficial) 22 de junio de 2007, (Spanish, official source); Law on Access to Public Information 2007
Norway
-
Constitution 1814, Article 100, http://www.stortinget.no/english/constitution.html
-
Act of 19 June 1970 No. 69 relating to public access to documents in the public administration, as amended 1997, www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=219&lid=6153&less=false
Pacific
-
Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute, www.paclii.org
Pakistan
-
Freedom of Information Ordinance 2002, http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/divisions/ContentInfo.jsp?DivID=13&cPath=118_122&ContentID=2520
Panama
-
Constitution 1972, with amendments through 2004, Articles 42-44, http://www.binal.ac.pa/buscar/const197204.htm (in Spanish)
-
Law on Transparency in Public Administration 2002, www.legalinfo-panama.com/legislacion/administrativo/00195.pdf (in Spanish)
Papua New Guinea
-
Constitution, Article 51, http://www.paclii.org/pg/legis/consol_act/cotisopng534/
Paraguay
-
Constitution 1992, Articles 28-29, http://pdba.georgetown.edu/constitutions/paraguay/para1992.html (in Spanish, unofficial website); http://www.servat.unibe.ch/law/icl/pa00000_.html (in English, unofficial website)
Peru
-
Constitution 1993, Article 2(5),http://www2.congreso.gob.pe/sicr/RelatAgenda/constitucion.nsf/constitucion (in Spanish); http://www.parliament.go.th/parcy/sapa_db/cons_doc/constitutions/data/Peru/peru.pdf (in English, unofficial website)
-
Law on Transparency and Access to Public Information 2002, www.freedominfo.org/documents/peru_finalfoia.pdf (in Spanish); http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/files/26143/12047262653Peru.doc/Peru.doc (in English)
Philippines
-
Constitution 1987, Article III, Section 7, http://www.gov.ph/aboutphil/constitution.asp
-
Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees, Republic Act 6713, 1989, www.ombudsman.gov.ph/UserFiles/File/Republic_Act_No_6713.pdf
Poland
-
Constitution 1997, Article 61, http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5eng/dok/konstytu/konstytu.htm
-
Act of 6 September 2001 on Access to Public Information, www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=219&lid=7110&less=false
-
Act on the Protection of Personal Data, www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=219&lid=6154&less=false
-
Classified Information Protection Act, www.legislationline.org/upload/legislations/7b/61/92abd02072999b6e26ee4748741c.pdf
Portugal
-
Constitution 1989, Article 268, http://www.tribunalconstitucional.pt/tc/conteudo/files/constituicaoingles.pdf (Constitutional Court website)
-
Law of Access to Administrative Documents 1993, www.cada.pt/modules/news/article.php?storyid=28
Romania
-
Constitution 1991, Article 31, http://www.cdep.ro/pls/dic/site.page?id=339&idl=2
-
Law no. 544/2001 of the 12th of October 2001 on Free Access to Information of Public Interest, www.ijnet.org/Director.aspx?P=MediaLaws&ID=25335&LID=1
-
Access to the Personal File and the Disclosure of the Securiatate as Political Police, www.cdep.ro/legislatie/eng/vol44eng.pdf
-
Circulation of Such Data, www.avp.ro/leg677en.html
-
Competition Law
-
Law on the Fight against Unfair Competition
-
Law for the Protection of Persons concerning the Processing of Personal Data and
-
Law on National Archives, www.apador.org/en/legi/lege_16_1996_e.rtf
-
Law on the Law on the Protection of Classified Information, www.dci.ro/En/Legi/182.pdf
-
Law on the Organization and Operation of the Romanian Intelligence Service
-
Law on the Organization and Operation of the Foreign Intelligence Service
Russian Federation
-
Constitution 1993, Article 24(2) and 29(4), http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-01.htm
-
Federal Law on Providing Access to Information on the Activities of Government Bodies and Bodies of Local Self-Government 2009, http://www.svobodainfo.org/info/page/eng?tid=633200098&nd=458221824; (Also find here the List of Terms and Definitions that help to understand the law)
Senegal
-
Constitution 2001, Article 8.
Serbia
-
Constitution 2006, Article 51, http://www.parlament.sr.gov.yu/content/eng/index.asp (English, official); http://www.parlament.sr.gov.yu/content/lat/akta/ustav/ustav_1.asp (Serbian, official)
-
Law on Free Access to Information of Public Importance 2003, www.legislationline.org/upload/legislations/88/6d/21e6e5e21807f38641dbcf250f0f.pdf
-
Law on Administrative Procedure
-
Law on Personal Data Protection
Slovakia
-
Constitution 1992, Article 26(5) and 45, http://www-8.vlada.gov.sk/index.php?ID=1376
-
Act on Free Access to Information 2000, www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=219&lid=6445&less=false
-
Act on Protection of Personal Data, www.legislationline.org/upload/legislations/88/08/01db18825e6d0963fbb670954946.pdf
-
Act on Collecting and Disseminating of Environmental Information (concerns only collecting and disseminating of environmental information; access to environmental information on request is regulated by general FOI Act)
-
Act on Protection on Classified Information
-
Commercial Code
-
Administrative Code
-
Civil Code
-
Act on Archives and Registries
-
Act on Authorial right and rights related to authorial right
-
Act on Public Procurement
-
Act on municipalities
-
Act on the self-government of regions
-
Act on state statistics
-
Act on protection of public interest with regard to execution of functions of public officials (so-called Act on Conflict of Interests)
-
Criminal Procedure Code
-
Civil Procedure Code
Slovenia
-
Constitution 1991, amended through 2006, Article 39(2), http://www.us-rs.si/en/index.php?sv_path=3583,3519 (Constitutional Court website)
-
Access to Public Information Act, Official Gazette of RS 96/05, June 2005, http://www.ip-rs.si/index.php?id=324
-
Information Commissioner Act, http://www.ip-rs.si/index.php?id=325
-
Decree on the provision of public information, http://www.ip-rs.si/index.php?id=386 (not the most current version, a few articles regarding use are not included in this translation)
-
Archives and Archival Institutions Act, www.legislationline.org/upload/legislations/7e/a8/c816408d90b376ac7190db615833.pdf
-
Classified Information Act, www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=219&lid=7113&less=false
-
Companies Act
-
General Administrative Procedure Act
-
Personal Data Protection Act, www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=219&lid=7114&less=false
South Africa
-
Constitution 1996, Article 32, http://www.info.gov.za/documents/constitution/1996/index.htm
-
Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000, http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=68186
-
National Archives of South Africa Act, www.national.archives.gov.za/arch_act.htm
-
Protection of Information Act, www.nia.org.za/LEGISLATION/PROTECTION%20OF%20INFORMATION%20ACT%2084%20OF%201982.doc
South Korea
-
Act on Disclosure of Information by Public Agencies 1996, www.freedominfo.org/documents/korea%20980258118__korea.doc
-
Act on Promotion of Information and Communications Network Utilization and Data Protection, www.worldlii.org/int/other/PrivLRes/2005/2.html
-
Act on Protection of Personal Information Maintained by Public Agencies
-
National Security Act
-
Act on the Inspection and Investigation of State Administration
-
Public Service Ethics Act
-
National Intelligence Service Act
-
Protection of Communications Secrets Act
-
Criminal Code
-
Criminal Procedure Act
-
Administrative Appeals Act
-
Use and Protection of Credit Information Act
-
Framework Act on the Management of Government-Invested Institutions
-
Banking Act
Spain
-
Constitución 1978 - Constitution 1978 – Articles 20 and 105 (b), http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/constitucion.t4.html (consolidated text, non-official source)
-
Ley 30/1992, de 26 de noviembre, de Régimen Jurídico de las Administraciones Públicas y del Procedimiento Administrativo Común - Law 30/92 on Legal Regime of Public Administration and Administrative Procedure, http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/l30-1992.html (consolidated text, non-official source)
-
Ley Orgánica 15/1999, de 13 de diciembre, de Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal – Law 15/1999 on Protection of Personal Data, http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/lo15-1999.html (consolidated text, non-official source)
-
Ley 9/1968 de 5 de Abril, reguladora de los Secretos Oficiales – Law 9/1968 on Official Secrets – modified by Law 48/1978 7 October, http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/l9-1968.html (consolidated text, non-official source)
-
Archives - Ley 16/1985, de 25 de junio, del Patrimonio Histórico Español – Law 16/1985 on Spanish Historical Heritage, http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/l16-1985.html (consolidated text, non-official source)
Sweden
-
Instrument of Government 1974 (of constitutional status),Chapter II Article 1(2) and 13, http://www.riksdagen.se/templates/R_PageExtended____6319.aspx
-
Freedom of the Press Act 1949 (of constitutional status), Chapter II Article 1, http://www.riksdagen.se/templates/R_Page____6313.aspx
-
Administrative Procedure Act, www.sweden.gov.se/content/1/c6/06/48/92/a02dc523.pdf
-
Secrecy Act 1980 (in Swedish), www.notisum.se/rnp/sls/lag/19800100.htm
Switzerland
-
Federal Constitution, as amended through Oct 15, 2002, Art. 16, (website of Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation, official versions also in German, French, Italian)
- Federal Law on the Principle of Administrative Transparency, 2004 (in French)
- Federal Data Protection Act, 1993
Taiwan
-
Freedom of Government Information Law 2005, www.glin.gov/view.action?glinID=173514
Tajikistan
-
Law on Information 2002, www.cipi.tj//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=9&Itemid=3 (in Russian)
-
Law on the Press and Other Mass Media, www.nfoic.org/foi-center/tajikistanmedialaw.html
Tanzania
-
Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania 1977, Article 18, http://www.tanzania.go.tz/images/theconstitutionoftheunitedrepublicoftanzania1.pdf
Thailand
-
Constitution 1997, Section 58-59, http://www.asianlii.org/th/legis/const/2007/
Trinidad & Tobago
-
Freedom of Information Act 1999, www.foia.gov.tt/
Turkey
-
Law on the Right to Information 2003, www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=219&lid=6448&less=false
Uganda
-
Constitution 1995, Article 41, http://www.parliament.go.ug/images/constitution_1995.pdf
-
Access to Information Act 2005, www.freedominfo.org/documents/uganda_ati_act_2005.pdf
-
National Records and Archives Act
-
Official Secrets Act, www.saflii.org/ug/legis/consol_act/osa1964302165/
Ukraine
-
Constitution 1996, Article 34, http://www.rada.gov.ua/const/conengl.htm
-
Law on Information 1992, 2002, www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=219&lid=6449&less=false
United Kingdom
-
Freedom of Information Act 2000, http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2000/ukpga_20000036_en_1 (official source)
-
Data Protection Act, www.legislationline.org/upload/legislations/1c/8b/def2f0db8a8082bef93d1bdaae26.pdf
-
Environmental Information Regulations 2005, www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2004/20043391.htm (official source)
Scotland
-
Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act, http://www.itspublicknowledge.info/Law/Legislation.asp (official source)
-
Environmental Information (Scotland) Regulations
Wales
-
Code of Practice on Access to Welsh Executive Information, http://new.wales.gov.uk/publications/accessinfo/code/?lang=en
United States
-
Freedom of Information Act 1966, as amended through 2002, http://www.justice.gov/oip/amended-foia-redlined.pdf (official source)
-
Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments of 1996, www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/efoia.html
-
“Exemption 3” Statutes
-
Federal Advisory Committee Act
-
Federal Records Act
-
Government in the Sunshine Act
-
National Security Act
-
Presidential Records Act
-
Privacy Act
Uruguay
-
Law on the Right of Access to Public Information 2008 (in Spanish)
Uzbekistan
-
Law on the Principles and Guarantees of Freedom of Information 1997, pi.gn.apc.org/countries/uzbekistan/foi-draft-02.doc
Venezuela
-
Constitution 1999, http://www.venezuela-oas.org/Constitucion%20de%20Venezuela.htm (in Spanish)http://www.embavenez-us.org/constitution/intro.htm (in English, unofficial website)
Zimbabwe
-
Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act 2002, www.kubatana.net/html/archive/legisl/030611aippaamd.asp?sector=LEGISL
-
Official Secrets Act, www.kubatana.net/html/archive/legisl/041231osa.asp?sector=LEGISL&range_start=151
[1] For example, we have included a link to the United States E-FOIA Amendments of 1996, even though included in the consolidated version of the FOIA to which a link is provided, because advocates in other countries may find the text of the amendment of interest.
[2] Sometimes regulations change the meaning of the law. For example the Dominican Republic law states that requestors must state their reasons for a request, but the regulation provides that a general interest in the information is enough.
[3] The law, widely referred to as the “Wob” after its Dutch acronym, entered into force in 1980, not 1991 as stated on this website. It has been amended significantly, most recently in 2005. The current version includes a broader definition of “public body,” implements the Aarhus Convention, and makes several technical changes. Information supplied by Roger Vleugels, FOIA legal adviser and lecturer.


